A thyroid biopsy is a relatively simple procedure in which a sample of thyroid tissue is extracted via needle or incision so that it can be subjected to microscopic evaluation by a pathologist. This test can help determine whether a goiter, nodule or other growth on the thyroid is benign or cancerous (note, most nodules are benign). In a fine needle aspiration biopsy procedure, a hollow, fine-gauge needle is used to collect the tissue sample by puncturing the skin and thyroid below. This is an approximately 30-minute procedure that can be done on an outpatient basis and is often assisted by imaging studies that help pinpoint the exact location for biopsy.
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