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In a proctosigmoidoscopy procedure, a gastroenterologist employs a sigmoidoscope, colonoscope or proctoscope fitted with a tiny camera to closely examine the lining of the rectum and the lower part of the colon (sigmoid) for signs of scarring, polyps, inflammation or other abnormalities. This test may be done to determine the cause of a patient’s fecal incontinence and/or diarrhea, to obtain a tissue biopsy for further examination, or to help diagnose and/or evaluate inflammatory bowel disease, cancer and other disorders. It may also be used to help determine whether vaginal cancer has spread to the rectum or colon. Bowel cleansing is required prior to this procedure, and the patient is provided with a laxative and enema to accomplish this.
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