A Guide to Genetic Testing for Cancer

Knowledge is power, especially when it comes to cancer. That’s why genetic testing is a great tool to give you more information about your cancer risk.

Genetic testing looks at inherited genetic mutations in genes that may increase your risk of developing certain cancers. These changes are passed down from your parents and are present from birth. Understanding these genetic changes, or mutations, can help you make informed decisions about your health, your family and your future.

Who May Benefit From Genetic Testing

Not everyone needs genetic testing. Most often, it’s recommended for people who have personal or family histories that suggest an inherited cancer risk.

You may consider genetic testing if you:

• Already have cancer, or if you had cancer in the past that was diagnosed at a younger-than-expected age
• Have a strong family history of certain types of cancer
• Have family members with known inherited genetic mutations linked to cancer

Talking with your doctor about genetic testing can help you understand your risk and take steps toward proactive care.

How Genetic Testing Works

Most cancer genetic tests are performed using a blood or saliva sample. The sample is then sent to a laboratory, where it’s analyzed for specific genetic changes associated with inherited cancers.

The process typically includes:

• Reviewing your personal and family history
• Pre-test counseling to explain benefits and limitations
• Lab testing
• Post-test counseling to discuss your results

What Genetic Testing Can (and Can’t) Tell you

Genetic testing can offer valuable insights, but it’s important to understand its limitations. Testing can show whether you carry inherited genetic mutations that may increase your risk for certain cancers. But it doesn’t predict if or when cancer will develop. Many people with inherited mutations never develop cancer, while others without known mutations still may. Genetics is just one piece of a much larger picture that includes lifestyle factors, environment and overall health.

For this reason, genetic testing is most helpful when paired with genetic counseling. A genetic counselor can help put your results into context, explain what they mean and outline practical next steps.

Types of Cancer Linked to Genetic Mutations

Several types of cancer are associated with an increased risk of inherited gene mutations. A few of the commonly linked cancers include:

• Breast cancer
• Colorectal cancer
• Ovarian cancer
• Pancreatic cancer
• Prostate cancer

Understanding these risks can help you and your care team create a plan for testing that’s right for you.

Understanding Genetic Test Results

Genetic test results typically fall into three categories:

• Positive: A known mutation linked to cancer is found.
• Negative: No known mutation is found.
• Variant of uncertain significance: A mutation is found, but its impact isn’t yet understood. This means that, for now, scientists don’t have enough information to know if the mutation that was found is harmless, disease-causing or could increase the risk of diseases like cancer.

Positive results don’t mean that you will get cancer. It simply means that your risk is higher, and you can take steps to manage your risk through screening and prevention.

Pros and Cons of Genetic Testing

Like any medical test, genetic testing has benefits and limitations. Some of its potential benefits include:

• Earlier cancer detection
• Guidance to inform treatment decisions
• Information for you and your family members
• Personalized screening plans

One important aspect of hereditary cancer screening is its impact on family members. If your genetic testing shows a mutation linked to cancer, your relatives may also choose to have testing to better understand their own risk. This can help families take proactive steps together, including earlier screenings or preventive care when appropriate.

But it’s also important to understand the potential drawbacks to genetic testing, such as the emotional impact of uncertain findings. A genetic counselor can help you navigate an inconclusive finding and determine what to do next.

Genetic Testing Is a Personal Choice

Deciding whether to undergo genetic testing is a personal decision. Some people find reassurance in having more information. Others prefer to focus on routine screening and prevention. While a genetic counselor can certainly help you weigh your options, understand the limitations of testing and decide on next steps based on your preferences and health goals,

the decision about whether to have genetic testing is ultimately yours to make.

Compassionate Support Through Every Step

At AdventHealth, genetic testing and genetic counseling are part of a comprehensive approach to cancer care that supports the whole person — body, mind and spirit.

Our experienced teams help guide patients through testing decisions, interpreting results and creating personalized plans that focus on prevention, early detection and healing.

If you’re considering genetic testing for cancer, AdventHealth is here to provide trusted guidance, compassionate care and ongoing support for you and your family. Learn more about our genetic counseling services at the AdventHealth Cancer Institute.